《经济学人》双语: 新加坡新领导层迎来了新的变革机会 ?

自由英语课程2024-05-15 13:02:54  147

原文标题 :

New management in Singapore

The world’s most improbable success story still needs to evolve

Under Lawrence Wong, the city-state has a new chance to change

新加坡新领导层

一个看似不可能成功的故事已经取得了成功,但它仍然需要不断发展和进化

在黄循财的领导下,这个城邦迎来了新的变革机会

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SINGAPORE IS WIDELY admired. Western politicians envy its sky-high living standards and its efficient civil service. In the emerging world it is a lesson in how to escape poverty.

新加坡广受赞誉。西方政客羡慕其极高的生活水平和高效的公务员制度。在新兴世界,新加坡是摆脱贫困的典范。

Yet the island state of 6m now finds itself confronting three of the world’s greatest challenges: tension between the West and China, ageing and climate change.

然而,这个拥有600万人口的岛国如今正面临世界三大挑战:中西关系、老龄化和气候变化。

True, Singapore is so small that its policies cannot always be easily copied elsewhere. But how it handles its problems will still be worth watching. Part of the answer needs to be more open politics.

诚然,新加坡的国土面积较小,它的政策难以被其他国家直接效仿。但它处理问题的方式仍然值得关注。解决之道的一部分在于更加开放的政治。

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Singapore’s destiny is in the hands of a new leader, Lawrence Wong. On May 15th he becomes prime minister, as Lee Hsien Loong steps down.

新加坡的命运掌握在新任领导人黄循财手中。5月15日,他成为总理,而李显龙卸任。

That will end what was, in effect, 59 years of rule by the Lee family (Goh Chok Tong ran things for 14 years, but even then a Lee was waiting in the wings, while another stayed on as “senior minister”).

这将结束李氏家族59年的统治(吴作栋执政了14年,但即便如此,仍有一位李氏家族成员严阵以待,而另一位则继续担任“国务资政”)。

Mr Lee’s father, Lee Kuan Yew, turned a colonial entrepot with seething racial politics into a gleaming metropolis. His formula included openness to trade, geopolitical neutrality and a technocratic government.

李显龙的父亲是李光耀,他将一个处于水深火热之中的殖民转运港变成了一座金碧辉煌的大都市。他的治国之道包括贸易开放、地缘政治中立和技术治国。

Less attractively, he sought to destroy opponents and muzzled free speech.

不那么光彩的是,他也曾试图打压政敌、压制言论自由。

Singapore’s GDP per person is an astonishing $88,000.

新加坡的人均GDP达到惊人的8.8万美元。

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Many of Singapore’s strengths are still on display. Relatively few of its citizens died during the pandemic.

新加坡的许多优势仍在显现。在新冠期间,新加坡公民的死亡人数相对较少。

Singapore aspires to be neutral ground in a new cold war—a Vienna for the 2020s.

新加坡渴望成为新冷战中的中立国--2020年代的维也纳。

It hosts the regional headquarters of Silicon Valley firms but also those of China’s Alibaba and ByteDance.

它同时成为硅谷公司和中国阿里巴巴、字节跳动等公司的区域总部所在地。

Having it both ways is a national doctrine that has served Singapore well.

这种两头兼顾的做法已经成为新加坡的国策,为它带来了诸多好处。

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Yet Mr Wong faces looming dangers. First, geopolitics could create a rupture.

然而,黄循财面临着严峻的危险。首先,地缘政治可能会引发裂痕。

Tech dominates Singapore’s manufacturing exports, America might limit access to the dollar financial system, the anchor of Singapore’s banking and currency arrangements.

科技在新加坡的制造业出口中占主导地位,美国可能会限制新加坡进入美元金融体系,这是新加坡银行和货币制度的基石。

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Second, the city-state is greying, fast. Rising health-care costs and a shrinking workforce will hurt growth.

其次,这个城邦国家正在迅速老龄化。医疗成本上升和劳动力减少将损害经济增长。

The answer is more migration of both cheap labourers and skilled foreigners (already 40% of residents are non-citizens).

解决办法是增加廉价劳动力和掌握技术的外国人移民(目前已有40%的居民是非公民身份)。

But that creates tensions as housing costs rise and natives worry that the white-collar jobs market is too competitive.

但这也造成了紧张局面,因为住房成本上升,本地人担心白领就业市场竞争过于激烈。

The social fabric is being tested in other ways. Young people want a less uptight society.

社会结构还受到其他方面的考验。年轻人想要一个不那么焦虑的社会。

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The final challenge is climate change. Singapore knows all about physical constraints: 20% of its land is reclaimed and it imports much of its water.

最后一个挑战是气候变化。新加坡深知物理环境的限制:20%的土地是通过填海获得的,大部分用水都需要进口。

But as a low-lying island it faces a shrinking perimeter and more flooding. And its economy is energy intensive, so emissions per person are high.

但作为一个地势低洼的岛屿,新加坡面临着海岸线缩减和洪水频发的问题。同时,新加坡的经济高度依赖能源,因此人均排放量也相对较高。

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Mr Wong has good instincts on the economy. His priority is for it to remain as open as possible.

黄循财在经济问题上具有敏锐的判断力。他的首要任务是让经济尽可能保持开放。

Embracing trade and capital flows means workers are exposed to the latest technologies.

拥抱贸易和资本流动意味着工人能够接触到最新技术。

This is why median wages have risen more than in most rich countries.

这也是新加坡中位数工资增长超过大多数发达国家的原因。

Growth generates new resources to solve problems and creates new industries, allowing diversification away from obsolete or sensitive sectors.

经济增长带来了解决问题的新资源,并催生了新产业,使得新加坡能够逐渐摆脱过时或敏感产业,实现多元化发展。

But openness involves creative destruction, with sudden shocks and shifting jobs.

但开放也伴随着创造性的破坏,会带来突然的冲击和就业岗位的变动。

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So Mr Wong also emphasises resilience. Singapore is expanding a negative income tax to help the poor and to retrain workers affected by technological change.

所以黄循财也强调韧性。新加坡正在扩大负所得税制度,以帮助贫困人口,并对受技术变革影响的工人进行再培训。

It is investing $75bn to protect itself from climate change, for example with sea walls.

新加坡正投资750亿美元来保护自己免受气候变化的影响,例如修建海堤。

In finance it insists on high capital buffers and currency reserves to absorb turbulence.

在金融领域,新加坡坚持高资本缓冲和货币储备,以应对市场动荡。

Economic openness plus enhanced resilience is Singapore’s new formula.

经济开放与韧性增强,这就是新加坡的新策略。

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Where Mr Wong should go a lot further is in political liberalisation.

黄循财应该进一步推动政治自由化。

Singapore has evolved beyond the abrasive and authoritarian era of Lee Kuan Yew—but not enough.

新加坡已经超越了李光耀时代的强硬和专制统治——但还不够。

Yet endless one-party dominance has risks, too. Corruption and jobs for the boys can rise.

然而,长期一党专政也有风险。腐败和任人唯亲的现象可能会增加。

And the inevitable divisions in a hypermodern society undergoing disruption can become hard to air or resolve.

在经历动荡的超现代社会中,无法避免的分歧可能难以被公之于众或得到解决。

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Mr Wong has already undertaken a public consultation on Singapore’s direction.

黄循财已经就新加坡的发展方向进行了公众咨询。

But he should encourage a robust public discourse, in which the ruling party is less prickly about criticism and outside ideas.

但他应该鼓励更为积极的公众讨论,让执政党在面对批评和外界意见时能够保持更为宽容和开放的态度。

Openness, resilience and more contestable politics will help Singapore continue to thrive.

开放、韧性和更具竞争性的政治将有助于新加坡继续繁荣发展。

(恭喜读完,本篇英语词汇量879左右,有删减)

原文出自:2024年5月11日《The Economist》Leaders版块

精读笔记来源于:自由英语之路

本文翻译整理: Irene

本文编辑校对: Irene

仅供个人英语学习交流使用。

【补充资料】(来自于网络)

黄循财(Lawrence Wong),男,1972年12月18日出生于新加坡,祖籍中国海南。获威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校经济学学士学位,1997年获密西根大学经济学硕士学位,2004年获美国哈佛大学公共管理硕士学位 。新加坡人民行动党成员。现任新加坡人民行动党副秘书长、政府副总理兼财政部长。2024年5月15日晚,黄循财在总统府宣誓就职新加坡第四任总理。

技术官僚(Technocracy)技术官僚主义是指技术专家(包括但不限理论科学家,医生,工程师,专业技术工人,军事专家,农学家)对社会的直接管理,是科学和工程技术手段对社会经济系统的直接应用。其旨在通过科学分析和工程建设,最优化人类族群的福利和物质环境。其中包括用对所有物质资源,产品和服务的实证核算取代货币、债务、价值和利息等稀缺性分配方法(例如能源核算标准,Energy accounting),在为国民提供最优质生活标准(收入,住宅,医保,教育和娱乐)的进程中大规模使用自动化以逐渐减少对人类简单劳动的需要,从而解放生产力。

1815年的维也纳会议上,瑞士被确定为永久中立国。然而,瑞士的中立身份并非从这时才开始。自1291年瑞士永久联盟成立以来,瑞士就在欧洲历史上扮演着中立国的角色,似乎从未有过军事征服其他地区的行为。尽管如此,瑞士在二战期间对德国的妥协屈服态度,使得德国最终没有下定决心吞并瑞士。

新加坡2024年的预算案对税务政策进行了调整,其中包括实施全球最低实际税率15%和减少50%的公司税。新加坡政府将持续为家庭提供生活及购物补贴,以此来降低生活成本,缓解居民家庭压力。同时,新加坡政府将针对个人提供50%的个人所得税回扣,并将每月最低薪资门槛调高至1,600新币。针对在新加坡境内的企业,新加坡政府将推出总值13亿新币的企业援助配套,让企业在2024估税年时,将获得高达50%的公司税务回扣,并设定顶线为4万新币。

【重点句子】(3个)

Mr Lee’s father, Lee Kuan Yew, turned a colonial entrepot with seething racial politics into a gleaming metropolis. His formula included openness to trade, geopolitical neutrality and a technocratic government.

李显龙的父亲是李光耀,他将一个处于水深火热之中的殖民转运港变成了一座金碧辉煌的大都市。他的治国之道包括贸易开放、地缘政治中立和技术治国。

Second, the city-state is greying, fast. Rising health-care costs and a shrinking workforce will hurt growth.

其次,这个城邦国家正在迅速老龄化。医疗成本上升和劳动力减少将损害经济增长。

Economic openness plus enhanced resilience is Singapore’s new formula.经济开放与韧性增强,这就是新加坡的新策略。

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